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Precision Measurement for Machinists - Online
Lesson Outline
Module 1: Viewing the Part Print and Understanding Dimension Information [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- Multi-view print and explain its relationship to part features
- Workpiece features and their locations on a print
- A half section and full section view
- A detail view
- An auxiliary view
- A center line
- Both object lines and hidden lines
- An extension line
- A dimension line
- Leader line
- A cutting plane line and its reference notation
- A line
- A datum feature
- A coaxial and coplanar datum feature
- A datum target feature
Module 2: Reading and Interpreting Symbols on a Part Print [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- DIA, D, Ø
- R, RIA, RAD
- TIR, FIR, FIM
- TYP, 2X, 3X
- MAX
- MIN
- C, CFR, CHAM
- Surface Finish Symbol
- Counter Bore, Counter Sink, Depth Symbols
Module 3: The Title Block and Tolerances [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify the Title Block
- Identify the Notes Area
- Explain Nominal Dimension
- Identify Basic Dimensions
- Identify Reference Dimensions
- Datum vs. Chain Dimensioning
- Find Missing Dimensions
Module 4: Fundamentals of the Inch and Metric Systems [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- Inch and Metric System principles
- Elements of the Inch System
- Elements of the Metric System
- Visualize dimensions and estimate sizes
- The factors used to convert inch and metric measurements
Module 5: Essential Geometry for Machinists [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- The practical benefits of GDT in manufacturing
- Point
- Line
- Plane
- Two dimensional coordinate grid
- Three dimensional coordinate grid
- Origin of coordinate grid
- Positive and negative coordinates
- Circle, circumference, diameter and radius
- Cylinder
- Parallelism
- Perpendicularity
Module 6: Fundamentals of Geometric Dimensions and Tolerances [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- The relationship between form and function
- Form
- Orientation
- Location
- Runout
- Profile
- Feature Control Frame
- ISO, ANSI, and ASME
Module 7: Geometric Position Tolerances [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to identify and explain:
- True Position tolerancing
- True Position Symbol
- Coordinate location tolerancing
- Square versus round tolerance zones
- True positioning versus "coordinate" location
- Location tolerance control over form of part features
Module 8: Material Condition Modifiers and the Feature Control Frame [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Purpose of Condition modifiers
- Maximum Material Condition (MMC)
- Least Material Condition (LMC)
- Regardless of Feature Size (RFS)
- Compartments within a Feature Control Frame
Module 9: Size Tolerances and Form Control [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Where size tolerances apply on a feature
- Boundary of Perfect Form
- Functional Gages
Module 10: Measuring Geometric Tolerances [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Limits of Functional gages
- Open setup inspection
- Optical comparator
- Air gages
- Coordinate measuring machine (CMM)
Module 11: Datums [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Why Datums are used for measuring Geometric dimensions
- Simulated Datums
- Datum Features
- Datums
- Datums for Cylindrical features
Module 12: Fixturing Workpieces and Establishing Datums [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- The correct order to establish Datums, given a Feature Control Frame callout
- The correct number of points of contact when establishing Datums, based on the type of feature and the Datum order
- Establishing Datums for measurement, including flat surfaces, linear elements along a cylindrical feature, rotational axes, slots or tabs
Module 13: Bonus Tolerance [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain Bonus Tolerance concept
- Explain how Bonus Tolerances are possible based on material condition modifiers
- Given a part print and workpiece, calculate a bonus tolerance
- State the formula used to calculate bonus tolerances
- Calculate the MMC size of a feature
- Measure the feature on a workpiece
- Calculate the bonus tolerance based on the previous calculations
- Calculate additional bonus tolerance from the material condition of Datum features
Module 14: Adding and Subtracting Signed Numbers [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the rules for adding signed numbers
- Explain the rules for subtracting signed numbers
- Calculate with signed numbers
Module 15: The Principles of Metric and Inch Measurement [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the elements of Metric measuring system
- Identify the thousandths, hundredths, tenths and whole millimeter places in a dimensional value
- Relate the centimeter and millimeter to the inch
- Estimate Metric measurements based on relations to the inch
- Locate Centimeter divisions on a scale
- Locate Millimeter divisions
- Locate and identify the following features on an Inch dimension:
- One inch, decimals, fractions
- When fractions and decimals are used
- Half, quarter, eighths, sixteenths, thirty seconds and sixty fourths
- Thousandths, hundredths, and tenths of an inch and how they relate
- How decimals and fractions differ and converting between them
Module 16: Converting and Rounding Decimal and Tolerance Limit Values [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Convert between the inch and metric systems
- Round to the correct number of decimal places
- Calculate Tolerance limits
- Run Tolerance limits
- Perform shop math calculations: add, subtract, multiply, and divide
Module 17: Avoiding Errors in Performing and Expressing Calculations [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Use mental estimation before calculation
- Avoid Transposition of numbers
- Avoid mistakes when entering values
- Communicate values correctly in inch and metric
Module 18: Quality Control while Measuring Parts [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain factors of:
- Cleanliness
- Temperature
- Gage accuracy
- Gauge setting
- Workpiece Deformation
- Gage deformation
- Proper measuring technique
Module 19: Using The Steel Rule [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain tolerances that allow the use of a Steel Rule
- Locate the smallest measurement = to .010 or 1/64, or .5 mm
- Identify the sizes of rules
- Explain dual dimensioned Steel Rules
- Explain the three causes of errors: Worn edge, rule not parallel, parallax error
- Count whole units to feature end point
- Count remaining unit spaces to end point
- Total the measurement
- Write down the value correctly for the feature measured
- Explain the care and handling of the steel rule
Module 20: Identifying the Features and Types of Micrometers [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify major parts of the inch micrometer
- Locate the baseline and zero point
- Locate 100 thousandths division lines
- Locate the 25, 50, 75 thousandths lines
- Locate the thimble and thousandths division lines
- Locate whole and half mm divisions on metric micrometer
- Locate thimble scale on metric Micrometer
- Explain OD & ID
- Explain Depth
- Locate and explain a Thread micrometer
- Identify Special mics
Module 21: Use and Care of a Micrometer [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Clean Workpiece and Micrometer
- Rapidly open and close the micrometer
- Identify different ranges of micrometers
- Close with proper tension a micrometer using a friction thimble or ratchet stop
- Close with proper tension a micrometer which has a friction knob
- Check zeroing of micrometer
- Explain thimble rotation and resulting spindle travel
- Hold the micrometer properly
- Properly fit the micrometer to the workpiece to read the required dimension
- Changes in feel for round of cylindrical workpieces (reduce pressure to avoid compression of the piece)
Module 22: Reading and Totaling Micrometer Measurements [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Determine whole inch spaces
- Determine 100 thousandths spaces
- Determine 50 thousandths spaces
- Determine number of the 25 thousandths
- Write down values starting with micrometer size
- Align decimal points and total
- Identify the vernier scale and the tenth
- Read the vernier scale correctly
- Correctly total a measurement using a vernier instrument
- Determine whole mm
- Determine half mm spaces
- Determine hundredths on sleeve
- Locate vernier scale on metric mic
Module 23: Repeatability and the 10 to 1 Rule [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Ten-to-one rule
- How to select measuring instruments
- The Concept of Repeatability
Module 24: Digital Micrometers [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify the types of digital micrometers
- Locate the features of mechanical digital mics
- Measure with a mechanical digital mic
- Read the measurement
- Explain the features of electronic digital mics
- Measure with an electronic digital mic
- Read the electronic measurement
- Store and maintaining the instrument
Module 25: Caliper Measurements and Components [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Find lengths or outside diameters using the Outside Jaws
- Find inside diameters using the caliper blades
- Find recesses and depths using the depth rod
- Locate and explain the use of the Beam
- Locate and explain the use of the Outside and Inside Jaws
- Locate and explain use of the Depth Rod
- Locate and explain the use of the Slide
- Locate and explain the use of the Dial
- Locate and explain the use of the Vernier scale
- Explain the relationship between the divisions on the Beam and the Vernier scales
- Explain the "offset" jaw caliper and its two vernier scales
Module 26: Measuring Workpiece Features with a Dial Caliper [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Check the calipers for proper adjustment and operation
- Clean the workpiece and calipers, and fit the calipers to the workpiece
- Apply the proper pressure during the measurement
- Use the Knife Edges properly for measuring grooves
- Rotate workpiece to find true diameter
- Read the number of whole inches on the Beam
- Read the number of hundreds of thousandths on the Beam
- Read the dial to determine the number of thousandths
- Total the measurement
- On a Metric Caliper, determine if centimeters or millimeters are used on the Beam
- Read the number of Beam units as millimeters
- Read the number of hundredths of a millimeter on the dial
- Add the readings to determine the measurement
- Clean and store the calipers when finished
Module 27: Measuring with Vernier and Digital Calipers [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the process of locating the matching lines on vernier scales
- Explain the beam and vernier divisions on a vernier caliper
- Locate the start point of the measurement
- Make an accurate measurement using an inch vernier caliper
- Locate the scales and divisions on an inch/metric caliper
- Using the metric scale, make an accurate measurement
- Describe how to determine the match line as it relates to the relative location to the tolerance allowed
- Locate and identify the features of a digital calipers
- Explain the auto-shutoff feature
- Convert between metric and inch measurements
- Zero the digital caliper at any point
- Read measurements with signed numbers on a digital caliper
Module 28: Go, No-Go Gages [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify and explain the use of Go, No-Go gages
- Explain the components of, and properly use, snap gages
- Explain the use of Functional gages
- Explain and properly use Plug and Pin gages
- Explain and properly use Ring gages
- Explain what to do if a feature fails a Go, No-Go test
Module 29: Characteristics of Surface Finish [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the characteristic of Roughness
- Explain the characteristic of Waviness
- Explain the characteristic of Lay
- Explain the characteristic of Flaws
Module 30: Identify Units of measure for Surface Finish [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain Profile and Nominal Profile
- Identify and explain Microinches and Microns
- Identify peaks and valleys
- Identify and explain Ra and Aa
- Identify and explain the surface finish symbol and its components
Module 31: Surface Finish Comparison Gages [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain Comparison Gages
- Identify the Range of Comparison Gages
- Use a Comparison Gages to Measure Surface Finish
Module 32: Using Analog and Digital Profilometers [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Components of analog profilometers
- Explain cutoff
- Range of analog profilometers
- Set up and measure with analog profilometers
- Set up and measure with digital profilometers
Module 33: The Portable Surface Roughness Gage [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Uses for the Roughness Gage
- Identify components of the gage
- Calibrate the gage
- Measure Workpiece roughness
Module 34: The Parts of a Thread [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to explain:
- Thread Crest
- Thread Root
- Pitch versus Pitch Diameter
- Lead of a thread
- Major Diameter of OD and ID threads
- Pitch Diameter
- Minor Diameter of OD and ID threads
- How Geometric Tolerances apply
Module 35: Standard Thread Notation [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the Unified Inch Screw standard
- Identify the UNC, UNF, UNEF, UNJC, NPT and ACME designations
- Locate Major Diameter notation and actual class size
- Locating the tolerances of Pitch Diameters on a chart
- Identifying the Threads Per Inch
- Calculate the Pitch from the TPI value
- Explain Class of Fit and Hand designations
- Identify "M" (metric) symbol
- Calculate the nominal major diameter in millimeters
- Explain the Pitch in a the metric thread notation
- Metric Coarse Threads: Look up and read the thread Pitch from a chart of metric thread standard dimensions
- Metric Fine Threads: Read the thread Pitch behind the "times sign"
- Describe the class of fit and g & h allowance notations
- State whether internal or external threads
- Read the Pitch Diameter if shown
Module 36: Methods of Measuring Threads [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the steps involved in thread measurement
- Clean threaded features and measuring instruments
- Explain the features that a GO gage is checking on an OD thread
- Based on print specifications, select the measuring instrument
- Use a Go, No-Go Snap gage for Major Diameter and Pitch Diameter
- Detecting no-go conditions for inch and metric gages
- Use a go, no-go Plug gage for ID threads
- Correctly use Ring gages for OD threads
- Measure Pitch Diameter using a Pitch Micrometer
- Use a Tri-Roll gage to measure Pitch Diameter
- Identify the parts of a tri-roll gage
- The effect of multi-thread rolls
- Read the values on the face of the dial indicator
- Locate the tolerance limit dimensions in reference materials
- Identify the tolerance limit represented by a Master gage
- Place the master in the gage
- Set the tolerance limit on the dial face (zero the dial)
- Calculate and mark the other tolerance limit on the dial
- Note the full rotations when Mastering the gage
- Place a workpiece into the gage
- Complete a measurement at several locations
- Visually check thread quality and finish
- Check thread crests and identify faulty conditions
Module 37: Using Optical Comparators to Measure Threads [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify the components of an optical comparator with digital display
- Identify the axes of motion
- Identify the rotational axis of the table
- Explain the divisions on the screen grid
- Explain how the grid divisions change with changes in magnification
- Mount a threaded workpiece to the stage
- Set the angle of the table to the Helix Angle
- Focus the shadow
- Complete a root radius measurement
- Complete a feature length measurement
- Complete a angle measurement
- Measure a radius by matching to the grid arcs
- Identify Gage Charts and their magnification settings
- Read the limit lines scribed on a Gage Chart
Module 38: Open Setup Inspection and the use of Dial Indicators [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify components of dial and test indicators
- Interpret the reading on a dial face
- Explain the difference between balance dials and continuous dials
- Select the correct contact point for a dial indicator
- Set up an indicator properly for measurement
- Select the correct indicator (range, inch/metric)
- Explain typical applications of indicators in inspection
Module 39: Surface Plates and Holding Devices for Open Inspection [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Describe surface plates and explain when they are used
- Explain how to work with surface plates to avoid damaging them
- Fixture workpieces using the appropriate equipment
- Fixture workpieces by the proper feature for measurement
- Identify and use V-blocks
- Identify and use a Tri-Roll
- Explain Coaxial datum features
- Identify and use Parallel bars
- Identify and use Gage blocks for workpiece fixturing
Module 40: Using Gage Blocks for Open Inspection [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Describe uses of gage blocks
- Identify a typical set of shop-grade gage blocks
- Explain how to select gage blocks for a given dimension
- Explain how to properly clean and wring gage blocks
Module 41: Fundamentals of Height Gages [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify the components of mechanical height gages
- Explain the types of workpiece contact devices: test indicators, depth rod, scriber
- Perform rough and fine adjustment methods
- Read vernier scales, dials, and digital readouts on height gages
Module 42: Measuring with Cadillac and Comparator Height Gages [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Locate components of a Cadillac Master height gage
- Explain cautions about using the gage
- Perform a typical measurement sequence
- Read the gage
- Explain the Comparator gage
- Set the limits of the Comparator gage with gage blocks
- Sweep a workpiece
Module 43: Measuring with Electronic Height Gages [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain components of a digital height gages
- Locate Data ports and slide control switches
- Complete probe replacement
- Explain probe-tip offset compensation for various measurements
- Use gage blocks to set tip offset
- Perform a typical measurement
Module 44: Fundamentals of Coordinate Measuring Machines [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Identify the types of CMMs found in shops
- Explain the advantages of a CMM
- Identify the basic components of a CMM
- Identify the axes of motion
- Locate the Ways and their need for cleanliness
- Locate the Axis Control Switches and explain their operation
- Locate and explain the Manual Axis Controls
- Locate and explain the features of the Probe and Probe Tip
- Explain the use of an Indexable head
- Explain the purpose of the Computer
- Locate the Icons and their purpose
Module 45: Preparing the CMM for Measurement [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain when it is necessary to HOME the CMM
- Locate the Surface Plate and its mounting holes
- Locate and explain the purpose of the Qualification Sphere
- Clean the Surface Plate
- Prepare the workpiece for measurement
- Locate the piece and align a major axis to a CMM axis
- Clamp the piece correctly
- Locate and explain the coordinate display
- Locate the origin and datums of a feature
- Explain why the grid system is aligned to the origin of the features
- Explain when a probe tip must be changed
- Remove and replace a probe tip using the correct wrench
- Explain why the new tip must be qualified
- Start the Qualification process on the computer
- Explain when Multi-tip or Single Tip is to be used
- Move the probe in all three axes
- Properly touch-off the probe on the qualification sphere
- Explain the screen display and delete a hit
- Click DONE and explain the measured diameter value
- Locate and explain Standard Deviation values
- Locate and explain the Status Line values
Module 46: Aligning the CMM Coordinate System [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain the auto-naming process of features and datums
- Clear any existing auto named features
- Identify stored measurement sequences from the file list
- Check the Status Line to confirm Alignment status
- Perform a CLEAR ALIGNMENT sequence.
- Locate the datums assigned to the features to be measured
- Use the PLANE function to locate a datum surface
- Auto-name the Plane and check standard deviation
- Explain what to do when Standard Deviation is incorrect
- Use the LINE function to locate a datum and auto-name it
- Use the CIRCLE function to locate a hole and auto-name it
- Complete an alignment process using the assigned datums
Module 47: Common Measurement Procedures using a CMM [ Top ]
After completing this module the operator will be able to:
- Explain and select a TRUE POSITION measurement sequence
- Touch-off a hole to find True Position
- Set the screen display to True Position MMC
- Locate and enter the Nominal print coordinates of X and Y
- Locate and enter the Nominal diameter value
- Locate and enter the Upper and Lower tolerance limits
- Locate and explain the True Position measured values
- Complete the sequence on other features making adjustments to the nominal values as required
- Explain and select an ANGLES measurement sequence
- Use a line-to-line sequence
- Touch-off the first line feature in the correct direction
- Touch-off the second line feature in the correct direction
- Complete the sequence and display the correct angle and deviation
- Explain and select a PERPENDICULARITY measurement sequence
- Use a Bore / Plane sequence
- Touch-off circles within the bore at two locations
- Recall the named Plane
- Complete the sequence and display the correct value and standard deviation